{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-89988","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2026-09-11T19:38:34.779Z","datePublished":"2026-09-16T10:33:03.003Z","dateUpdated":"2026-09-16T14:41:04.007Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-09-16T14:41:04.007Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nkprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU\n\n__within_kprobe_blacklist() traverses kprobe_blacklist without holding\nkprobe_mutex. When a module is unloaded, kprobe_remove_area_blacklist()\nremoves blacklist entries and immediately frees them with kfree().\nA concurrent call to within_kprobe_blacklist() can therefore dereference\nfreed memory.\n\nFurthermore, within_kprobe_blacklist() can be called in atomic or\nnon-preemptible contexts where the sleeping kprobe_mutex cannot be taken.\n\nProtect kprobe_blacklist with RCU. Use guard(rcu)() and\nlist_for_each_entry_rcu() for traversal, list_add_tail_rcu() for\ninsertions, list_del_rcu() for deletions, and kfree_rcu() to reclaim\nentries safely after a grace period."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The UAF is reached only via local syscalls: x86 perf_event_open() hardware execute breakpoints and register_kprobe() (tracefs, perf kprobes, BPF). It is not invoked from network packet processing or a remote service.\nAC:L - An attacker can loop the blacklist walk while concurrently causing module COMING/GOING so kprobe_remove_area_blacklist() does list_del/kfree, creating both sides of the race. Attacker-driven use-after-free races are AC:L.\nPR:L - x86 hw_breakpoint_arch_parse() calls within_kprobe_blacklist() for kernel execute breakpoints during perf_event_open() before hw_breakpoint_parse()'s CAP_SYS_ADMIN check, so an unprivileged user can trigger the walk. Module autoload via request_module() can mutate the list without CAP_SYS_MODULE.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the race with their own syscalls (perf_event_open and module autoload/unload). No separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The bug is kernel-heap use-after-free in kprobes. Effects stay inside the kernel's security authority and do not cross a VM, IOMMU, or other boundary.\nC:H - Concurrent walk versus kfree of struct kprobe_blacklist_entry is a heap use-after-free. Reclaiming the object yields an arbitrary kernel read primitive, so confidentiality impact is high.\nI:H - A heap use-after-free on a list node is exploitable via heap spraying for an arbitrary write and control-flow hijack, so integrity impact is high.\nA:H - Following the freed blacklist entry's next pointer or fields causes a kernel oops or panic, taking down the system."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["include/linux/kprobes.h","kernel/kprobes.c"],"versions":[{"version":"376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13","lessThan":"8f406205003f741225f620f0e357ca0de71d45e3","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13","lessThan":"630ed8734a02b992e8a97538179c2ece42c5210f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13","lessThan":"518d9b5568bb06f86e4434f7a30faa9612ea91ad","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13","lessThan":"5da247e4d1e8661d4d6f997101d59967e8994e32","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13","lessThan":"6e62cf983a2bd547e6bbd3f935539233e5f97f8f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"376e242429bf8539ef39a080ac113c8799840b13","lessThan":"0c4256196b3a105307e2235fbfd85e768bbcdd0f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["include/linux/kprobes.h","kernel/kprobes.c"],"versions":[{"version":"3.16","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"3.16","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.188","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.157","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.110","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.51","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2.5","lessThanOrEqual":"7.2.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.3-rc2","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.188"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.157"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.110"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.16","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.51"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.16","versionEndExcluding":"7.2.5"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.16","versionEndExcluding":"7.3-rc2"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8f406205003f741225f620f0e357ca0de71d45e3"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/630ed8734a02b992e8a97538179c2ece42c5210f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/518d9b5568bb06f86e4434f7a30faa9612ea91ad"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5da247e4d1e8661d4d6f997101d59967e8994e32"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e62cf983a2bd547e6bbd3f935539233e5f97f8f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c4256196b3a105307e2235fbfd85e768bbcdd0f"}],"title":"kprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}