{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-79979","assignerOrgId":"e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"zephyr","dateReserved":"2026-08-25T16:06:32.777Z","datePublished":"2026-10-23T19:56:16.111Z","dateUpdated":"2026-10-23T19:56:16.111Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad","shortName":"zephyr","dateUpdated":"2026-10-23T19:56:16.111Z"},"title":"Stale TLB entries after demand-paging page-out let arm64 user threads access reused physical frames","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"The arm64 MMU backend invalidates a single virtual address from the TLB with invalidate_tlb_page() in arch/arm64/core/mmu.c, which issued TLBI VAE1{IS} with an operand of virt >> 12. That operand encodes the ASID in bits [63:48], so the invalidation only ever matched ASID 0 (the kernel page tables) and global entries. Memory domains, however, are allocated ASIDs starting at 1 in arch_mem_domain_init(), and every domain-private leaf created by private_map() is mapped with MT_NG, i.e. non-global. A domain's cached translation therefore survived the invalidation.\n\nAll callers of invalidate_tlb_page() are demand-paging paths. When the eviction algorithm reclaims a frame, page_frame_prepare_locked() in kernel/mmu.c calls arch_mem_page_out(), which marks the kernel leaf invalid, propagates the invalid descriptor into every domain via sync_domains(), and then flushes only ASID 0. do_page_fault() immediately reuses the very same page frame for the incoming mapping through arch_mem_page_in(). A user thread that had already touched the evicted page — a k_mem_partition added with arch_mem_domain_partition_add(), or its own stack mapped by map_thread_stack() — retains a valid EL0 read/write translation to that physical frame under its own ASID.\n\nUnprivileged code running in a user thread can drive memory pressure to force eviction and then keep accessing the stale address, obtaining read and write access to whatever the kernel subsequently placed in that frame: supervisor data, another memory domain's partition, or another thread's stack. This defeats the isolation that CONFIG_USERSPACE is meant to enforce, allowing information disclosure and memory corruption up to full compromise of the system.\n\nThe fix switches the implementation to TLBI VAAE1{IS}, which matches every ASID and both global and non-global entries, so no domain-tagged translation survives a page out, dirty-bit update or access-flag clear. Exploitation requires an arm64 build with both CONFIG_USERSPACE and CONFIG_DEMAND_PAGING enabled, an active backing store, and at least one demand-paged page that is also privately mapped into a user memory domain. The same commit additionally stops globalize_table() from stripping EL0 permission and non-global attributes off domain-private leaves during paging synchronization, which previously caused user threads to lose access to their own partitions and stacks."}],"affected":[{"vendor":"zephyrproject","product":"zephyr","collectionURL":"https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr","packageName":"zephyr","defaultStatus":"unaffected","programFiles":["arch/arm64/core/mmu.c"],"programRoutines":[{"name":"arch_mem_page_out"},{"name":"invalidate_tlb_page"}],"versions":[{"version":"4.3.0","status":"affected","lessThan":"4.5.0","versionType":"semver"}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/d732e9f808f16911d06769b3f756246f3528669f","name":"Fix commit","tags":["patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-6pqm-hfxf-48qv","name":"GHSA-6pqm-hfxf-48qv"}],"metrics":[{"format":"CVSS","cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","description":"use-after-free","cweId":"CWE-416","type":"CWE"}]}],"x_generator":{"engine":"cvelib 1.8.0"}}}}