{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2026-45951","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2026-05-13T15:03:33.088Z","datePublished":"2026-05-27T12:18:07.255Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:28:53.157Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:28:53.157Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object\n\nRefcounting in the check_pseudo_btf_id() function is incorrect:\nthe __check_pseudo_btf_id() function might get called with a zero\nrefcounted btf. Fix this, and patch related code accordingly.\n\nv3: rephrase a comment (AI)\nv2: fix a refcount leak introduced in v1 (AI)"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through the local bpf() syscall (BPF_PROG_LOAD verifying a BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID ldimm64 instruction); there is no network, adjacent, or physical input path.\nAC:L - Triggering the UAF requires racing a concurrent close of the BTF fd against the verifier, but the attacker controls both sides (loading thread and closing thread) and can retry/heap-spray indefinitely, so per kernel guidance an attacker-created race is Low.\nPR:L - Obtaining a BTF fd (BPF_BTF_LOAD) and loading the program both require CAP_BPF, which can be delegated to a non-init user namespace via BPF token/bpffs in reasonable container deployments, making this reachable to a non-host-root local user.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire attack themselves by issuing bpf() syscalls and closing the fd; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own memory and security authority; no boundary such as VM or IOMMU is crossed.\nC:H - The freed BTF object is dereferenced (type/name/kallsyms lookups) and can be reallocated with attacker-controlled data, giving a kernel-memory read primitive characteristic of a use-after-free.\nI:H - The UAF causes a refcount increment on freed memory and stores a dangling btf pointer into env->used_btfs[] that is used later, enabling heap grooming and type confusion that can be leveraged into a write/control-flow primitive.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed BTF object reliably crashes the kernel (oops/panic), so availability impact is High."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/bpf/verifier.c"],"versions":[{"version":"76145f7255326761dafb76721a785799d8a00d5f","lessThan":"eac65c272f3b49021a843cba5107d63627395e0e","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"76145f7255326761dafb76721a785799d8a00d5f","lessThan":"9ff46ffeecdb1802d6e26183177935b948a12e7f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"76145f7255326761dafb76721a785799d8a00d5f","lessThan":"ccd2d799ed4467c07f5ee18c2f5c59bcc990822c","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/bpf/verifier.c"],"versions":[{"version":"6.14","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.14","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.14","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.19.4","lessThanOrEqual":"6.19.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.0","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"6.18.14"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"6.19.4"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"7.0"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eac65c272f3b49021a843cba5107d63627395e0e"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ff46ffeecdb1802d6e26183177935b948a12e7f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccd2d799ed4467c07f5ee18c2f5c59bcc990822c"}],"title":"bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}