{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-39881","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T07:20:57.144Z","datePublished":"2025-09-23T06:00:50.496Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:05:52.050Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:05:52.050Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nkernfs: Fix UAF in polling when open file is released\n\nA use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability was identified in the PSI (Pressure\nStall Information) monitoring mechanism:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in psi_trigger_poll+0x3c/0x140\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff3de3d50bd308 by task systemd/1\n\npsi_trigger_poll+0x3c/0x140\ncgroup_pressure_poll+0x70/0xa0\ncgroup_file_poll+0x8c/0x100\nkernfs_fop_poll+0x11c/0x1c0\nep_item_poll.isra.0+0x188/0x2c0\n\nAllocated by task 1:\ncgroup_file_open+0x88/0x388\nkernfs_fop_open+0x73c/0xaf0\ndo_dentry_open+0x5fc/0x1200\nvfs_open+0xa0/0x3f0\ndo_open+0x7e8/0xd08\npath_openat+0x2fc/0x6b0\ndo_filp_open+0x174/0x368\n\nFreed by task 8462:\ncgroup_file_release+0x130/0x1f8\nkernfs_drain_open_files+0x17c/0x440\nkernfs_drain+0x2dc/0x360\nkernfs_show+0x1b8/0x288\ncgroup_file_show+0x150/0x268\ncgroup_pressure_write+0x1dc/0x340\ncgroup_file_write+0x274/0x548\n\nReproduction Steps:\n1. Open test/cpu.pressure and establish epoll monitoring\n2. Disable monitoring: echo 0 > test/cgroup.pressure\n3. Re-enable monitoring: echo 1 > test/cgroup.pressure\n\nThe race condition occurs because:\n1. When cgroup.pressure is disabled (echo 0 > cgroup.pressure), it:\n   - Releases PSI triggers via cgroup_file_release()\n   - Frees of->priv through kernfs_drain_open_files()\n2. While epoll still holds reference to the file and continues polling\n3. Re-enabling (echo 1 > cgroup.pressure) accesses freed of->priv\n\nepolling\t\t\tdisable/enable cgroup.pressure\nfd=open(cpu.pressure)\nwhile(1)\n...\nepoll_wait\nkernfs_fop_poll\nkernfs_get_active = true\techo 0 > cgroup.pressure\n...\t\t\t\tcgroup_file_show\n\t\t\t\tkernfs_show\n\t\t\t\t// inactive kn\n\t\t\t\tkernfs_drain_open_files\n\t\t\t\tcft->release(of);\n\t\t\t\tkfree(ctx);\n\t\t\t\t...\nkernfs_get_active = false\n\t\t\t\techo 1 > cgroup.pressure\n\t\t\t\tkernfs_show\n\t\t\t\tkernfs_activate_one(kn);\nkernfs_fop_poll\nkernfs_get_active = true\ncgroup_file_poll\npsi_trigger_poll\n// UAF\n...\nend: close(fd)\n\nTo address this issue, introduce kernfs_get_active_of() for kernfs open\nfiles to obtain active references. This function will fail if the open file\nhas been released. Replace kernfs_get_active() with kernfs_get_active_of()\nto prevent further operations on released file descriptors."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The attack requires local access to the cgroup2 filesystem — opening `cpu.pressure` with epoll and writing to `cgroup.pressure` via ordinary file syscalls. There is no network-facing path to `kernfs_fop_poll()`/`cgroup_pressure_write()`.\nAC:L - The reproduction is a deterministic three-step sequence (open+epoll, `echo 0 > cgroup.pressure`, `echo 1 > cgroup.pressure`) fully driven by the attacker, with no timing window to win. The gap between the `kfree()` and the re-activated poll is attacker-controlled and arbitrarily long, allowing reliable heap spraying of the kmalloc-192 slot.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local user suffices: `cgroup_add_file()` stamps created cgroup files with `current_fsuid()`, so any user with a delegated subtree (systemd `user@$UID.service`, containers, rootless podman) owns and can write both `cgroup.pressure` and `cpu.pressure` in a cgroup they `mkdir`. No capability check exists on this path, and cgroup2 is `FS_USERNS_MOUNT`.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the poll and both `cgroup.pressure` writes itself; no victim action is needed. (A privileged poller such as systemd/systemd-oomd can additionally be victimized, but that is not required.)\nS:U - The freed object, the corrupting write, and the resulting compromise all live in the kernel's own security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale `of->priv` yields an attacker-controlled `struct psi_trigger *` in `psi_trigger_poll()`, and the subsequent `t->of` / `of_on(of)` / `atomic_read(&on->event)` dereferences turn that into an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive, disclosing sensitive kernel data.\nI:H - `poll_wait()` on the forged `t->event_wait` inserts a wait-queue entry at an attacker-chosen address (arbitrary linked-list write), `cmpxchg(&t->event, 1, 0)` adds a conditional write, and the eventual `wake_up()` calls a `wait_queue_entry->func` pointer from corrupted memory — a viable control-flow hijack and local privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without exploitation the use-after-free reliably produces a KASAN slab-use-after-free / oops on a wild pointer dereference, and a failed spray attempt panics the kernel — a full denial of service triggerable at will by an unprivileged user."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["fs/kernfs/file.c"],"versions":[{"version":"34f26a15611afb03c33df6819359d36f5b382589","lessThan":"34d9cafd469c69ad85e6a36b4303c78382cf5c79","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"34f26a15611afb03c33df6819359d36f5b382589","lessThan":"854baafc00c433cccbe0ab4231b77aeb9b637b77","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"34f26a15611afb03c33df6819359d36f5b382589","lessThan":"7e64474aba78d240f7804f48f2d454dcca78b15f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"34f26a15611afb03c33df6819359d36f5b382589","lessThan":"ac5cda4fae8818cf1963317bb699f7f2f85b60af","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"34f26a15611afb03c33df6819359d36f5b382589","lessThan":"3c9ba2777d6c86025e1ba4186dc5cd930e40ec5f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["fs/kernfs/file.c"],"versions":[{"version":"6.1","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.1","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.153","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.107","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.48","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.8","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.1","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.153"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.1","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.107"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.1","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.48"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.1","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.8"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.1","versionEndExcluding":"6.17"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/34d9cafd469c69ad85e6a36b4303c78382cf5c79"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/854baafc00c433cccbe0ab4231b77aeb9b637b77"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7e64474aba78d240f7804f48f2d454dcca78b15f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac5cda4fae8818cf1963317bb699f7f2f85b60af"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c9ba2777d6c86025e1ba4186dc5cd930e40ec5f"}],"title":"kernfs: Fix UAF in polling when open file is released","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T17:44:23.968Z"}}]}}