{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-38627","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:24.029Z","datePublished":"2025-08-22T16:00:35.856Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:03:36.334Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:03:36.334Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nf2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic\n\nThe decompress_io_ctx may be released asynchronously after\nI/O completion. If this file is deleted immediately after read,\nand the kworker of processing post_read_wq has not been executed yet\ndue to high workloads, It is possible that the inode(f2fs_inode_info)\nis evicted and freed before it is used f2fs_free_dic.\n\n    The UAF case as below:\n    Thread A                                      Thread B\n    - f2fs_decompress_end_io\n     - f2fs_put_dic\n      - queue_work\n        add free_dic work to post_read_wq\n                                                   - do_unlink\n                                                    - iput\n                                                     - evict\n                                                      - call_rcu\n    This file is deleted after read.\n\n    Thread C                                 kworker to process post_read_wq\n    - rcu_do_batch\n     - f2fs_free_inode\n      - kmem_cache_free\n     inode is freed by rcu\n                                             - process_scheduled_works\n                                              - f2fs_late_free_dic\n                                               - f2fs_free_dic\n                                                - f2fs_release_decomp_mem\n                                      read (dic->inode)->i_compress_algorithm\n\nThis patch store compress_algorithm and sbi in dic to avoid inode UAF.\n\nIn addition, the previous solution is deprecated in [1] may cause system hang.\n[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/c36ab955-c8db-4a8b-a9d0-f07b5f426c3f@kernel.org"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The whole sequence — creating a compressed file via `FS_IOC_SETFLAGS`/`compress_extension`, evicting its page cache with `posix_fadvise()`, reading it, and unlinking it — is performed through ordinary local syscalls on a mounted f2fs volume. No network protocol, remote peer, or adjacent-network data reaches `f2fs_free_dic()`.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race: they submit the compressed read that queues `free_work` and they issue the `close()`/`unlink()` that evicts the inode, and they widen the window at will by saturating `post_read_wq` (bounded `max_active = num_online_cpus()`) with concurrent post-read work so the kworker is delayed past the RCU grace period. Every attempt is free and retryable in a loop, and f2fs compression is a mainstream shipping configuration on Android and embedded devices, not a rare option.\nPR:L - No capability, LSM, or namespace gate exists on the path — `vfs_fileattr_set()` only requires `inode_owner_or_capable()` on the attacker's own file, and reading/unlinking a file the attacker created needs nothing beyond normal write access to their own directory. An ordinary user account or an Android app with storage access on a compression-enabled f2fs mount suffices.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs every step itself — create the compressed file, drop its cache, read it, and delete it. No victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\nS:U - The freed `f2fs_inode_info`, the wild `sbi`/`cops` dereferences, and any resulting corruption all occur within the same kernel's security authority. No hypervisor, IOMMU, guest, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free read of a `f2fs_inode_cachep` object whose memory the attacker can groom by spraying after the RCU free, so the values pulled out (`inode->i_sb`, `i_compress_algorithm`) are attacker-influenced; the tainted `i_compress_algorithm` byte then indexes the 4-entry `f2fs_cops[]` array up to 255 entries out of bounds, reading arbitrary adjacent kernel data. Combined with the wild `sbi` deref, the flaw yields a kernel-memory read primitive usable for KASLR defeat and data disclosure.\nI:H - The garbage `cops` obtained from the out-of-bounds `f2fs_cops[]` index is immediately used for the indirect call `cops->destroy_decompress_ctx(dic)`, a control-flow hijack primitive, and the wild `sbi` is passed to `page_array_free()` which performs `kmem_cache_free(sbi->page_array_slab, pages)` — freeing a live object into an attacker-influenced cache pointer, a classic path to arbitrary heap corruption and privilege escalation. Per UAF scoring, heap grooming of the recycled inode slab gives write as well as read primitives.\nA:H - Even unexploited, dereferencing the freed inode's `i_sb` and calling through an out-of-bounds `f2fs_cops[]` entry oopses or panics the kernel, and it happens inside a `post_read_wq` kworker so the crash wedges the filesystem's decompression workqueue rather than just one task. The unprivileged attacker can retry the trigger indefinitely, and `panic_on_oops=1` builds (Android, automotive, embedded) take an immediate full system panic."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["fs/f2fs/compress.c","fs/f2fs/f2fs.h"],"versions":[{"version":"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de","lessThan":"74cbeeca4f16823ba58c882e1d8b836c0e39c93d","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de","lessThan":"5d604d40cd3232b09cb339941ef958e49283ed0a","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de","lessThan":"cc81768212cdc509e5a986274db7bc24d18cde19","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de","lessThan":"8fae5b6addd5f6895e03797b56e3c7b9f9cd15c9","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"bff139b49d9f70c1ac5384aac94554846aa834de","lessThan":"39868685c2a94a70762bc6d77dc81d781d05bff5","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["fs/f2fs/compress.c","fs/f2fs/f2fs.h"],"versions":[{"version":"6.0","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.175","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.118","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.78","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.1","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.0","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.175"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.0","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.118"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.0","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.78"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.0","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.1"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.0","versionEndExcluding":"6.17"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74cbeeca4f16823ba58c882e1d8b836c0e39c93d"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d604d40cd3232b09cb339941ef958e49283ed0a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc81768212cdc509e5a986274db7bc24d18cde19"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8fae5b6addd5f6895e03797b56e3c7b9f9cd15c9"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39868685c2a94a70762bc6d77dc81d781d05bff5"}],"title":"f2fs: compress: fix UAF of f2fs_inode_info in f2fs_free_dic","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}