{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-38580","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:24.026Z","datePublished":"2025-08-19T17:03:03.018Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:03:07.727Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T12:03:07.727Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()\n\nIn ext4_io_end_defer_completion(), check if io_end->list_vec is empty to\navoid adding an io_end that requires no conversion to the\ni_rsv_conversion_list, which in turn prevents starting an unnecessary\nworker. An ext4_emergency_state() check is also added to avoid attempting\nto abort the journal in an emergency state.\n\nAdditionally, ext4_put_io_end_defer() is refactored to call\next4_io_end_defer_completion() directly instead of being open-coded.\nThis also prevents starting an unnecessary worker when EXT4_IO_END_FAILED\nis set but data_err=abort is not enabled.\n\nThis ensures that the check in ext4_put_io_end_defer() is consistent with\nthe check in ext4_end_bio(). Otherwise, we might add an io_end to the\ni_rsv_conversion_list and then call ext4_finish_bio(), after which the\ninode could be freed before ext4_end_io_rsv_work() is called, triggering\na use-after-free issue."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered by ordinary buffered writes to a file on a locally mounted ext4 filesystem, reached through the write()/writeback path with no network protocol involved. Filesystem writeback bugs of this class are local-access only.\nAC:L - The vulnerable predicate mismatch is hit under the default data_err=ignore mount option with no rare config required, and the attacker controls the decisive side of the race — after ext4_finish_bio() clears writeback, they force inode eviction via unlink+close while stalling the rsv_conversion workqueue. Writeback bio failures are themselves inducible locally (dm-thin/thin-pool ENOSPC by writing data, network block devices, removable media, worn eMMC on embedded/automotive).\nPR:L - Any unprivileged local user with write access to any ext4 filesystem (home directory, /tmp, a container overlay upper dir) can drive buffered writeback into ext4_end_bio(). No capability, ioctl, mount privilege, or user-namespace trick is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker writes and unlinks their own files and triggers eviction themselves; no victim action, no mounting of a crafted image, and no cooperation from another user is required.\nS:U - The freed ext4_inode_info and the dangling io_end->inode dereference are both kernel objects in the same security authority as the attacking process, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed. This is standard local kernel memory corruption.\nC:H - ext4_end_io_end() reads the freed inode's i_sb and dereferences EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal, so grooming the reclaimed ext4_inode_cachep slot turns the stale pointer into an attacker-directed kernel read that can be used for disclosure. Per kernel scoring guidance a use-after-free giving control over freed object contents is High.\nI:H - The worker performs writes into freed memory — process_one_work() updates work->data, and ext4_do_flush_completed_IO() takes i_completed_io_lock and does list_replace_init() on the freed list head — so a reallocated live inode has its i_rsv_conversion_list hijacked, yielding list corruption and io_end double-free primitives suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Even unexploited, the use-after-free reliably produces a KASAN splat, oops, or panic in ext4_end_io_rsv_work(), and taking a spinlock inside freed/reused memory can hang the rsv_conversion workqueue. Any kernel crash is scored High."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["fs/ext4/page-io.c"],"versions":[{"version":"ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d","lessThan":"ac999862b98a0f49e858e509f776be51406f1e77","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d","lessThan":"469c44e66e2110054949609dde095788320139d0","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ce51afb8cc5e1867ea0dfdf5e92ddbe31a1fad5d","lessThan":"c678bdc998754589cea2e6afab9401d7d8312ac4","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["fs/ext4/page-io.c"],"versions":[{"version":"6.15","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.15","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15.10","lessThanOrEqual":"6.15.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16.1","lessThanOrEqual":"6.16.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.17","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.15.10"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.1"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.17"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ac999862b98a0f49e858e509f776be51406f1e77"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/469c44e66e2110054949609dde095788320139d0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c678bdc998754589cea2e6afab9401d7d8312ac4"}],"title":"ext4: fix inode use after free in ext4_end_io_rsv_work()","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}