{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-38407","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:24.013Z","datePublished":"2025-07-25T13:20:12.200Z","dateUpdated":"2026-05-11T21:27:23.489Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-05-11T21:27:23.489Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data\n\nSince commit 6b9f29b81b15 (\"riscv: Enable pcpu page first chunk\nallocator\"), if NUMA is enabled, the page percpu allocator may be used\non very sparse configurations, or when requested on boot with\npercpu_alloc=page.\n\nIn that case, percpu data gets put in the vmalloc area. However,\nsbi_hsm_hart_start() needs the physical address of a sbi_hart_boot_data,\nand simply assumes that __pa() would work. This causes the just started\nhart to immediately access an invalid address and hang.\n\nFortunately, struct sbi_hart_boot_data is not too large, so we can\nsimply allocate an array for boot_data statically, putting it in the\nkernel image.\n\nThis fixes NUMA=y SMP boot on Sophgo SG2042.\n\nTo reproduce on QEMU: Set CONFIG_NUMA=y and CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y, then\nrun with:\n\n  qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 2 -nographic \\\n    -kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image \\\n    -append \"percpu_alloc=page\"\n\nKernel output:\n\n[    0.000000] Booting Linux on hartid 0\n[    0.000000] Linux version 6.16.0-rc1 (dram@sakuya) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 14.2.1 20250322, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.44) #11 SMP Tue Jun 24 14:56:22 CST 2025\n...\n[    0.000000] percpu: 28 4K pages/cpu s85784 r8192 d20712\n...\n[    0.083192] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...\n[    0.086722] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[    0.086849] virt_to_phys used for non-linear address: (____ptrval____) (0xff2000000001d080)\n[    0.088001] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c:14 __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[    0.088376] Modules linked in:\n[    0.088656] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1 #11 NONE\n[    0.088833] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)\n[    0.088948] epc : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[    0.089001]  ra : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[    0.089037] epc : ffffffff80021eaa ra : ffffffff80021eaa sp : ff2000000004bbc0\n[    0.089057]  gp : ffffffff817f49c0 tp : ff60000001d60000 t0 : 5f6f745f74726976\n[    0.089076]  t1 : 0000000000000076 t2 : 705f6f745f747269 s0 : ff2000000004bbe0\n[    0.089095]  s1 : ff2000000001d080 a0 : 0000000000000000 a1 : 0000000000000000\n[    0.089113]  a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 0000000000000000 a4 : 0000000000000000\n[    0.089131]  a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : 0000000000000000\n[    0.089155]  s2 : ffffffff8130dc00 s3 : 0000000000000001 s4 : 0000000000000001\n[    0.089174]  s5 : ffffffff8185eff8 s6 : ff2000007f1eb000 s7 : ffffffff8002a2ec\n[    0.089193]  s8 : 0000000000000001 s9 : 0000000000000001 s10: 0000000000000000\n[    0.089211]  s11: 0000000000000000 t3 : ffffffff8180a9f7 t4 : ffffffff8180a9f7\n[    0.089960]  t5 : ffffffff8180a9f8 t6 : ff2000000004b9d8\n[    0.089984] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ffffffff80021eaa cause: 0000000000000003\n[    0.090101] [<ffffffff80021eaa>] __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8\n[    0.090228] [<ffffffff8001d796>] sbi_cpu_start+0x6e/0xe8\n[    0.090247] [<ffffffff8001a5da>] __cpu_up+0x1e/0x8c\n[    0.090260] [<ffffffff8002a32e>] bringup_cpu+0x42/0x258\n[    0.090277] [<ffffffff8002914c>] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xe0/0x40c\n[    0.090292] [<ffffffff800294e0>] __cpuhp_invoke_callback_range+0x68/0xfc\n[    0.090320] [<ffffffff8002a96a>] _cpu_up+0x11a/0x244\n[    0.090334] [<ffffffff8002aae6>] cpu_up+0x52/0x90\n[    0.090384] [<ffffffff80c09350>] bringup_nonboot_cpus+0x78/0x118\n[    0.090411] [<ffffffff80c11060>] smp_init+0x34/0xb8\n[    0.090425] [<ffffffff80c01220>] kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x2e4\n[    0.090442] [<ffffffff80b83802>] kernel_init+0x1e/0x14c\n[    0.090455] [<ffffffff800124ca>] ret_from_fork_kernel+0xe/0xf0\n[    0.090471] [<ffffffff80b8d9c2>] ret_from_fork_kernel_asm+0x16/0x18\n[    0.090560] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n[    1.179875] CPU1: failed to come online\n[    1.190324] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU"}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/riscv/kernel/cpu_ops_sbi.c"],"versions":[{"version":"6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306","lessThan":"f5fe094f35a37adea40b2fd52c99bb1333be9b07","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306","lessThan":"02c725cd55eb5052b88eeaa3f60a391ef4dcaec5","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6b9f29b81b155af023da95f560f738f29722b306","lessThan":"2b29be967ae456fc09c320d91d52278cf721be1e","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/riscv/kernel/cpu_ops_sbi.c"],"versions":[{"version":"6.8","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.8","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.37","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15.6","lessThanOrEqual":"6.15.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.16","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.8","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.37"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.8","versionEndExcluding":"6.15.6"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.8","versionEndExcluding":"6.16"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5fe094f35a37adea40b2fd52c99bb1333be9b07"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02c725cd55eb5052b88eeaa3f60a391ef4dcaec5"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b29be967ae456fc09c320d91d52278cf721be1e"}],"title":"riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}