{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-37845","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:23.953Z","datePublished":"2025-05-09T06:41:54.022Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:57:48.902Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:57:48.902Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: fprobe events: Fix possible UAF on modules\n\nCommit ac91052f0ae5 (\"tracing: tprobe-events: Fix leakage of module\nrefcount\") moved try_module_get() from __find_tracepoint_module_cb()\nto find_tracepoint() caller, but that introduced a possible UAF\nbecause the module can be unloaded before try_module_get(). In this\ncase, the module object should be freed too. Thus, try_module_get()\ndoes not only fail but may access to the freed object.\n\nTo avoid that, try_module_get() in __find_tracepoint_module_cb()\nagain."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached only by writing a tracepoint probe definition to the tracefs `dynamic_events` file (`trace_fprobe_create()` → `find_tracepoint()`), which requires local access to the machine. There is no network-facing consumer of this code.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race — repeatedly issuing `t:` tprobe creations while causing module load/unload churn — and the operation can be retried indefinitely at no cost until the window between `mutex_unlock()` in `for_each_module_tracepoint()` and `try_module_get()` is hit. `CONFIG_FPROBE_EVENTS` is `default y`, so no rare configuration is required.\nPR:L - Exploitation needs write access to the tracefs `dynamic_events` interface, which is routinely delegated to non-root tracing/debug accounts and groups (Android shell/system, ChromeOS debugd, perf/tracing groups, container debug sidecars) rather than being an exclusively root-only capability. No credential check exists in the code path itself beyond file permissions.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the tracefs write and the concurrent module operations entirely on their own; no victim action or interaction is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory within the same security authority as the kernel itself; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The stale `struct module` and the stale tracepoint structure are read after being freed, and if the freed region is reclaimed by attacker-sprayed allocations the resulting values (`probestub` address, funcname resolved via `kallsyms_lookup()`) feed back into observable state, giving a path to kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `try_module_get()` performs an atomic increment into freed memory, and a \"successful\" get lets the code register a tracepoint probe and an ftrace hook using function pointers read out of freed, reclaimable memory — a write plus control-flow-hijack primitive.\nA:H - Touching the freed module allocation (vmalloc-backed, so frequently unmapped on free) produces an immediate oops or panic, and the subsequent probe registration on freed tracepoint data reliably destabilizes the kernel."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/trace_fprobe.c"],"versions":[{"version":"71c9cf87776eaa556fc0a0a060df94200e1f521c","lessThan":"868df4eb784c3ccc7e4340a9ea993cbbedca167e","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9db2b8cf4ea07b579db588e0353d5680f5d1f071","lessThan":"a27d2de2472b1cc7d582ab405d1d5832a80481de","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ac91052f0ae5be9e46211ba92cc31c0e3b0a933a","lessThan":"626f01f4d26e8cf92e69c1df53036153c8e98a20","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ac91052f0ae5be9e46211ba92cc31c0e3b0a933a","lessThan":"dd941507a9486252d6fcf11814387666792020f3","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6.12.21","lessThan":"6.12.24","status":"affected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.13.9","lessThan":"6.13.12","status":"affected","versionType":"semver"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/trace_fprobe.c"],"versions":[{"version":"6.14","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.14","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.24","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.13.12","lessThanOrEqual":"6.13.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.3","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.12.21","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.24"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.13.9","versionEndExcluding":"6.13.12"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.3"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.14","versionEndExcluding":"6.15"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/868df4eb784c3ccc7e4340a9ea993cbbedca167e"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a27d2de2472b1cc7d582ab405d1d5832a80481de"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/626f01f4d26e8cf92e69c1df53036153c8e98a20"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd941507a9486252d6fcf11814387666792020f3"}],"title":"tracing: fprobe events: Fix possible UAF on modules","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}