{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-37822","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2025-04-16T04:51:23.947Z","datePublished":"2025-05-08T06:26:16.209Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:57:45.691Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:57:45.691Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer\n\nThe XOL (execute out-of-line) buffer is used to single-step the\nreplaced instruction(s) for uprobes. The RISC-V port was missing a\nproper fence.i (i$ flushing) after constructing the XOL buffer, which\ncan result in incorrect execution of stale/broken instructions.\n\nThis was found running the BPF selftests \"test_progs:\nuprobe_autoattach, attach_probe\" on the Spacemit K1/X60, where the\nuprobes tests randomly blew up."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - Exploitation requires local execution on the target — the attacker must run a process that executes the probed instruction and primes the I-cache at the user-mapped `[uprobes]` XOL page. There is no network-reachable path to `arch_uprobe_copy_ixol()`.\nAC:L - RISC-V has no implicit I$/D$ coherence, so the missing `fence.i` leaves stale lines as baseline architectural behavior, not a rare config; the attacker can trigger the XOL path repeatedly at will and can deliberately execute at the known, user-mapped XOL slot addresses to seed the stale lines. The bug was observed reproducing on stock hardware during ordinary selftest runs.\nPR:L - Once a uprobe is active — a routine observability configuration installed by an admin, not an attack step — an entirely unprivileged local user drives the vulnerable path just by calling the probed function in their own process. No capability is needed to reach `xol_get_insn_slot()` → `arch_uprobe_copy_ixol()`.\nUI:N - The attacker executes the probed instruction in its own process to trigger the XOL copy; no action by any other user or victim is required.\nS:U - The stale instruction executes in the traced process's own user context and the WARN/panic effects stay within the kernel's own authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The traced process — potentially a privileged daemon or setuid binary under a system-wide probe on libc/libssl — executes a stale instruction with its live register state, a control-flow-integrity failure that can branch into or read out that process's memory. The attacker influences what sits in the I-cache at that kernel-provided address.\nI:H - Executing a stale/wrong instruction with the probed process's live registers yields arbitrary stores and control-flow deviation inside that process, and the trailing ebreak may be skipped entirely, letting the PC run past the slot into adjacent slot contents.\nA:H - The probed process is killed via `force_sig(SIGILL)`, and the broken single-step contract hits `WARN_ON_ONCE` in both `arch_uprobe_post_xol()` and `handle_singlestep()`, which is a kernel panic under `panic_on_warn`. The commit reports uprobe selftests randomly blowing up on real hardware."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/riscv/kernel/probes/uprobes.c"],"versions":[{"version":"74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6","lessThan":"be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6","lessThan":"b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6","lessThan":"77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6","lessThan":"bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6","lessThan":"1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6","lessThan":"7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/riscv/kernel/probes/uprobes.c"],"versions":[{"version":"5.12","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"5.12","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.200","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.163","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.121","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.26","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.5","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.12","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.200"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.12","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.163"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.12","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.121"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.12","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.26"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.12","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.5"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.12","versionEndExcluding":"6.15"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48"}],"title":"riscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}}}}