{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-22049","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2024-12-29T08:45:45.811Z","datePublished":"2025-04-16T14:12:08.317Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:56:21.806Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:56:21.806Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nLoongArch: Increase ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN up to 16\n\nARCH_DMA_MINALIGN is 1 by default, but some LoongArch-specific devices\n(such as APBDMA) require 16 bytes alignment. When the data buffer length\nis too small, the hardware may make an error writing cacheline. Thus, it\nis dangerous to allocate a small memory buffer for DMA. It's always safe\nto define ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN as L1_CACHE_BYTES but unnecessary (kmalloc()\nneed small memory objects). Therefore, just increase it to 16."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerable path is entered by triggering a DMA transaction on an APBDMA-backed peripheral (I2S/PCM device node, APB slave I/O) from a local syscall/ioctl; no network protocol handler or remote peer data reaches this code. The APBDMA controller drives no network device, so remote or adjacent reach is not defensible.\nAC:L - There is no race and no condition outside the attacker's control — the 16-byte hardware write granule versus the 8-byte `KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE` mismatch is deterministic on every affected transfer, and the attacker can repeat the I/O arbitrarily while heap-spraying to control which slab object sits adjacent to the undersized `kmalloc-8` buffer.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local account suffices — opening the sound/APB peripheral device node and starting a transfer requires no capability check, and on the embedded Loongson-2K systems where APBDMA is present these nodes are routinely accessible to ordinary users. No real root in the initial namespace is needed.\nUI:N - The attacker initiates the DMA transfer directly through their own file descriptor; no victim must mount a filesystem, open a file, or take any other action.\nS:U - The APBDMA engine is programmed by trusted in-kernel driver code and the resulting overrun lands in the kernel's own slab heap, so the corruption stays within the kernel's security authority — no IOMMU, hypervisor, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - In the memory→device direction the 16-byte granule reads past the end of the undersized `kmalloc()` object and transmits adjacent kernel heap contents out to the peripheral, and the resulting heap corruption is a general primitive that can be leveraged to disclose kernel memory.\nI:H - In the device→memory direction the hardware writes up to 15 bytes beyond the allocated object, overwriting neighbouring slab objects with device-supplied data — an out-of-bounds heap write that, combined with groomable `kmalloc-8` neighbours, is exploitable for control-flow-relevant corruption.\nA:H - Silent corruption of adjacent slab objects — including list pointers and object headers of unrelated allocations — reliably leads to slab corruption reports, oopses, and kernel panics, and nothing (no bounce buffer, since LoongArch devices are treated as coherent) prevents it from recurring on every transfer."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/loongarch/include/asm/cache.h"],"versions":[{"version":"fa96b57c149061f71a70bd6582d995f6424fbbf4","lessThan":"f39af67f03b564b763b06e44cb960c10a382d54a","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"fa96b57c149061f71a70bd6582d995f6424fbbf4","lessThan":"279ec25c2df49fba1cd9488f2ddd045d9cb2112e","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"fa96b57c149061f71a70bd6582d995f6424fbbf4","lessThan":"1d0def2d1658666ec1f32c9495df60e7411e3c82","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"fa96b57c149061f71a70bd6582d995f6424fbbf4","lessThan":"bfff341cac7c650e6ca8d10503725992f5564d0f","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"fa96b57c149061f71a70bd6582d995f6424fbbf4","lessThan":"8b82aea3666f8f2c78f86148d78aea99c46e0f82","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"fa96b57c149061f71a70bd6582d995f6424fbbf4","lessThan":"4103cfe9dcb88010ae4911d3ff417457d1b6a720","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["arch/loongarch/include/asm/cache.h"],"versions":[{"version":"5.19","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"5.19","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.134","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.87","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.23","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.13.11","lessThanOrEqual":"6.13.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14.2","lessThanOrEqual":"6.14.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.15","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.134"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.87"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.23"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","versionEndExcluding":"6.13.11"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","versionEndExcluding":"6.14.2"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.19","versionEndExcluding":"6.15"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f39af67f03b564b763b06e44cb960c10a382d54a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/279ec25c2df49fba1cd9488f2ddd045d9cb2112e"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1d0def2d1658666ec1f32c9495df60e7411e3c82"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfff341cac7c650e6ca8d10503725992f5564d0f"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b82aea3666f8f2c78f86148d78aea99c46e0f82"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4103cfe9dcb88010ae4911d3ff417457d1b6a720"}],"title":"LoongArch: Increase ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN up to 16","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T19:41:31.511Z"}}]}}