{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-21761","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2024-12-29T08:45:45.761Z","datePublished":"2025-02-27T02:18:14.054Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:54:14.184Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:54:14.184Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nopenvswitch: use RCU protection in ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info()\n\novs_vport_cmd_fill_info() can be called without RTNL or RCU.\n\nUse RCU protection and dev_net_rcu() to avoid potential UAF."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through the openvswitch generic-netlink family (OVS_VPORT_CMD_NEW/SET/DEL) and through netdev namespace migration triggered by local syscalls; there is no remote or adjacent-network input path.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race — it schedules the netns teardown (dropping the last reference to a namespace it created) and the `ovs_dp_notify_wq`/vport command that re-reads `dev_net(vport->dev)` — and can repeat the sequence indefinitely until the window is hit.\nPR:L - The vport commands use GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM, i.e. `netlink_ns_capable(skb, net->user_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, which any unprivileged user obtains via `unshare -Urn`; namespace creation and `ip link set ... netns` likewise need only namespaced capabilities, and the module auto-loads on family lookup.\nUI:N - The entire sequence — datapath creation, port attach, namespace move and teardown — is performed by the attacker's own processes with no action from any other user.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences stay within the kernel's own security authority; no hypervisor, IOMMU, or other trust boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Use-after-free read of a freed `struct net`, plus `alloc_netid()` persists the dangling pointer into a live namespace's `netns_ids` IDR where the attacker can resurrect it via RTM_GETNSID/IFLA_TARGET_NETNSID/BPF `get_net_ns_by_id()`, yielding access to reallocated kernel memory and cross-namespace state.\nI:H - `maybe_get_net()` and `put_net()` perform atomic refcount increments/decrements directly on freed slab memory, corrupting whatever object reuses it, and a stale `struct net *` is durably written into a live namespace's IDR — a standard UAF write primitive leveragable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - Dereferencing and refcount-manipulating a freed `struct net` causes oops/panic, and a spurious `put_net()` can drive `__put_net()`/`cleanup_net()` over a destroyed or reused object, crashing the machine."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/openvswitch/datapath.c"],"versions":[{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"e85a25d1a9985645e796039e843d1de581d2de1e","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"a8816b3f1f151373fd30f1996f00480126c8bb11","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"a884f57600e463f69d7b279c4598b865260b62a1","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"7e01abc34e87abd091e619161a20f54ed4e3e2da","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"8ec57509c36c8b9a23e50b7858dda0c520a2d074","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"a849a10de5e04d798f7f286a2f1ca174719a617a","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"5828937742af74666192835d657095d95c53dbd0","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b","lessThan":"90b2f49a502fa71090d9f4fe29a2f51fe5dff76d","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/openvswitch/datapath.c"],"versions":[{"version":"4.15","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"4.15","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.291","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.235","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.179","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.129","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.79","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.16","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.13.4","lessThanOrEqual":"6.13.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.291"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.235"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.179"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.129"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.79"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.16"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.13.4"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.15","versionEndExcluding":"6.14"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e85a25d1a9985645e796039e843d1de581d2de1e"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8816b3f1f151373fd30f1996f00480126c8bb11"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a884f57600e463f69d7b279c4598b865260b62a1"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7e01abc34e87abd091e619161a20f54ed4e3e2da"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ec57509c36c8b9a23e50b7858dda0c520a2d074"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a849a10de5e04d798f7f286a2f1ca174719a617a"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5828937742af74666192835d657095d95c53dbd0"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90b2f49a502fa71090d9f4fe29a2f51fe5dff76d"}],"title":"openvswitch: use RCU protection in ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info()","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"scope":"UNCHANGED","version":"3.1","baseScore":7.8,"attackVector":"LOCAL","baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","integrityImpact":"HIGH","userInteraction":"NONE","attackComplexity":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2025-21761","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2025-02-27T17:57:35.920303Z"}}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","type":"CWE","cweId":"CWE-416","description":"CWE-416 Use After Free"}]}],"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","providerMetadata":{"orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP","dateUpdated":"2025-02-27T18:02:27.210Z"}},{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html"},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T19:37:08.745Z"}},{"x_adpType":"supplier","providerMetadata":{"orgId":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e","shortName":"siemens-SADP","dateUpdated":"2026-05-12T12:03:41.909Z"},"affected":[{"vendor":"Siemens","product":"SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"0","lessThan":"*","versionType":"custom"}],"defaultStatus":"unknown"}],"references":[{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"}]}]}}