{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2025-21714","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2024-12-29T08:45:45.752Z","datePublished":"2025-02-27T02:07:25.570Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:53:51.641Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:53:51.641Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRDMA/mlx5: Fix implicit ODP use after free\n\nPrevent double queueing of implicit ODP mr destroy work by using\n__xa_cmpxchg() to make sure this is the only time we are destroying this\nspecific mr.\n\nWithout this change, we could try to invalidate this mr twice, which in\nturn could result in queuing a MR work destroy twice, and eventually the\nsecond work could execute after the MR was freed due to the first work,\ncausing a user after free and trace below.\n\n   refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n   WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 12178 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12b/0x130\n   Modules linked in: bonding ib_ipoib vfio_pci ip_gre geneve nf_tables ip6_gre gre ip6_tunnel tunnel6 ipip tunnel4 ib_umad rdma_ucm mlx5_vfio_pci vfio_pci_core vfio_iommu_type1 mlx5_ib vfio ib_uverbs mlx5_core iptable_raw openvswitch nsh rpcrdma ib_iser libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi rdma_cm iw_cm ib_cm ib_core xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xt_addrtype iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter rpcsec_gss_krb5 auth_rpcgss oid_registry overlay zram zsmalloc fuse [last unloaded: ib_uverbs]\n   CPU: 2 PID: 12178 Comm: kworker/u20:5 Not tainted 6.5.0-rc1_net_next_mlx5_58c644e #1\n   Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\n   Workqueue: events_unbound free_implicit_child_mr_work [mlx5_ib]\n   RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x12b/0x130\n   Code: 48 c7 c7 38 95 2a 82 c6 05 bc c6 fe 00 01 e8 0c 66 aa ff 0f 0b 5b c3 48 c7 c7 e0 94 2a 82 c6 05 a7 c6 fe 00 01 e8 f5 65 aa ff <0f> 0b 5b c3 90 8b 07 3d 00 00 00 c0 74 12 83 f8 01 74 13 8d 50 ff\n   RSP: 0018:ffff8881008e3e40 EFLAGS: 00010286\n   RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000027\n   RDX: ffff88852c91b5c8 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffff88852c91b5c0\n   RBP: ffff8881dacd4e00 R08: 00000000ffffffff R09: 0000000000000019\n   R10: 000000000000072e R11: 0000000063666572 R12: ffff88812bfd9e00\n   R13: ffff8881c792d200 R14: ffff88810011c005 R15: ffff8881002099c0\n   FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88852c900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n   CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n   CR2: 00007f5694b5e000 CR3: 00000001153f6003 CR4: 0000000000370ea0\n   DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n   DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n   Call Trace:\n    <TASK>\n    ? refcount_warn_saturate+0x12b/0x130\n    free_implicit_child_mr_work+0x180/0x1b0 [mlx5_ib]\n    process_one_work+0x1cc/0x3c0\n    worker_thread+0x218/0x3c0\n    kthread+0xc6/0xf0\n    ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n    </TASK>"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The attack requires local access to the RDMA verbs uAPI (/dev/infiniband/uverbs*) to register an implicit ODP MR, and the invalidation half of the race requires local mm operations (munmap/madvise) that a remote peer cannot induce. Remote RDMA traffic can drive the page-fault half but not the whole race, so the vector is Local.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race from its own process — repeated ibv_advise_mr prefetch faults on the implicit MR in one thread and munmap/MADV_DONTNEED invalidations of the same range in another — and can retry the loop indefinitely on many child MRs in parallel. No condition depends on state outside the attacker's influence.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local account with access to the InfiniBand verbs character device suffices; there is no capability check anywhere on the reg_mr/ODP/prefetch path (only CAP_NET_RAW for raw QPs and CAP_IPC_LOCK for pinning, neither of which applies to ODP). Unprivileged verbs access is the intended design of RDMA and is routine in HPC, RoCE cloud, and containerized deployments.\nUI:N - The attacking process registers its own implicit ODP MR and triggers both the page faults and the invalidations itself. No victim action or cooperation is needed.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory managed by the same kernel security authority; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed. Standard kernel-local privilege escalation scope.\nC:H - The second execution of free_implicit_child_mr_work() operates on a freed, kzalloc'd mlx5_ib_mr from a generic kmalloc slab, so an attacker who reclaims the object controls mr->parent, mr->umem, and mr->mmkey and can turn the dereferences into arbitrary kernel reads. Destroying an mkey number that has been reassigned can additionally expose another RDMA consumer's registered memory.\nI:H - The double queue_work yields a use-after-free plus a double mlx5_ib_dereg_mr() free, and INIT_WORK() on an already-pending work item corrupts workqueue linked lists — both classic paths to a controlled write primitive and control-flow hijack via heap spraying.\nA:H - Even unweaponized, the bug produces the refcount_t underflow WARNING and subsequent oops shown in the commit trace, and the underflowed usecount can leave mlx5r_deref_wait_odp_mkey() waiting forever, hanging an unbound workqueue worker. Any of these is a full availability loss."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/odp.c"],"versions":[{"version":"5256edcb98a14b11409a2d323f56a70a8b366363","lessThan":"7cc8f681f6d4ae4478ae0f60485fc768f2b450da","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"5256edcb98a14b11409a2d323f56a70a8b366363","lessThan":"edfb65dbb9ffd3102f3ff4dd21316158e56f1976","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"5256edcb98a14b11409a2d323f56a70a8b366363","lessThan":"d3d930411ce390e532470194296658a960887773","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/odp.c"],"versions":[{"version":"5.5","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"5.5","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.13","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.13.2","lessThanOrEqual":"6.13.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.14","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.5","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.13"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.5","versionEndExcluding":"6.13.2"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.5","versionEndExcluding":"6.14"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cc8f681f6d4ae4478ae0f60485fc768f2b450da"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/edfb65dbb9ffd3102f3ff4dd21316158e56f1976"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d3d930411ce390e532470194296658a960887773"}],"title":"RDMA/mlx5: Fix implicit ODP use after free","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"scope":"UNCHANGED","version":"3.1","baseScore":7.8,"attackVector":"LOCAL","baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","integrityImpact":"HIGH","userInteraction":"NONE","attackComplexity":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"id":"CVE-2025-21714","role":"CISA Coordinator","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"version":"2.0.3","timestamp":"2025-02-27T18:14:41.666348Z"}}}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","type":"CWE","cweId":"CWE-416","description":"CWE-416 Use After Free"}]}],"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","providerMetadata":{"orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP","dateUpdated":"2025-02-27T18:22:30.244Z"}}]}}