{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2024-38588","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2024-06-18T19:36:34.929Z","datePublished":"2024-06-19T13:37:43.262Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:33:01.142Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:33:01.142Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()\n\nKASAN reports a bug:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ftrace_location+0x90/0x120\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff888141d40010 by task insmod/424\n  CPU: 8 PID: 424 Comm: insmod Tainted: G        W          6.9.0-rc2+\n  [...]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0\n   print_report+0xcf/0x610\n   kasan_report+0xb5/0xe0\n   ftrace_location+0x90/0x120\n   register_kprobe+0x14b/0xa40\n   kprobe_init+0x2d/0xff0 [kprobe_example]\n   do_one_initcall+0x8f/0x2d0\n   do_init_module+0x13a/0x3c0\n   load_module+0x3082/0x33d0\n   init_module_from_file+0xd2/0x130\n   __x64_sys_finit_module+0x306/0x440\n   do_syscall_64+0x68/0x140\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x71/0x79\n\nThe root cause is that, in lookup_rec(), ftrace record of some address\nis being searched in ftrace pages of some module, but those ftrace pages\nat the same time is being freed in ftrace_release_mod() as the\ncorresponding module is being deleted:\n\n           CPU1                       |      CPU2\n  register_kprobes() {                | delete_module() {\n    check_kprobe_address_safe() {     |\n      arch_check_ftrace_location() {  |\n        ftrace_location() {           |\n          lookup_rec() // USE!        |   ftrace_release_mod() // Free!\n\nTo fix this issue:\n  1. Hold rcu lock as accessing ftrace pages in ftrace_location_range();\n  2. Use ftrace_location_range() instead of lookup_rec() in\n     ftrace_location();\n  3. Call synchronize_rcu() before freeing any ftrace pages both in\n     ftrace_process_locs()/ftrace_release_mod()/ftrace_free_mem()."}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - Both sides of the race are driven through local syscalls — `finit_module`/`delete_module` (or unprivileged module autoload) on the free side and `perf_event_open`/`bpf()`/tracefs `kprobe_events` on the `ftrace_location()` reader side. There is no remote or adjacent-network path into ftrace page management.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race and can loop them concurrently — repeatedly registering kprobes/fprobes on one CPU while loading/unloading a module on another — and the window spans the entire unlocked `pg->next`/bsearch walk, which is why the reporter hit it with a plain `insmod` of the sample kprobe module. `CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE` is enabled in virtually all production kernels, so no rare configuration is needed.\nPR:L - The reader side is reachable by a low-privileged tracing-capable task (CAP_PERFMON/CAP_BPF, routinely granted to containerised monitoring agents rather than full root), and the free side can be triggered by an unprivileged task via module autoloading (`request_module()` from AF_ALG bind or socket-family aliases) as well as by module load/unload. No full init-namespace root is required for the whole chain.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers both the kprobe/ftrace registration and the module load/unload entirely on their own; no victim action or cooperation is involved.\nS:U - The use-after-free is in kernel heap/page memory and its consequences stay within the kernel's own security authority — no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `lookup_rec()` reads freed `struct ftrace_page` objects and freed record pages, and the harvested contents (`rec->ip`) are returned to the caller and observable through kprobe/ftrace state, exposing whatever reallocated kernel data now occupies those pages.\nI:H - The address returned from freed memory is consumed as a code-patching target — stored as `tr->ip` for BPF trampolines and installed into ftrace filter hashes — so heap spraying of the reclaimed pages can steer kernel text modification to an attacker-chosen address, giving a write/control-flow-hijack primitive.\nA:H - Traversing the freed `pg->next` list and bsearching freed record pages dereferences wild pointers, producing an oops or panic; the race can be retried indefinitely to force a crash."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/ftrace.c"],"versions":[{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"eea46baf145150910ba134f75a67106ba2222c1b","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"1880a324af1c95940a7c954b6b937e86844a33bd","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"8ea8ef5e42173560ac510e92a1cc797ffeea8831","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"dbff5f0bfb2416b8b55c105ddbcd4f885e98fada","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"7b4881da5b19f65709f5c18c1a4d8caa2e496461","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"66df065b3106964e667b37bf8f7e55ec69d0c1f6","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"31310e373f4c8c74e029d4326b283e757edabc0b","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"ae6aa16fdc163afe6b04b6c073ad4ddd4663c03b","lessThan":"e60b613df8b6253def41215402f72986fee3fc8d","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["kernel/trace/ftrace.c"],"versions":[{"version":"3.7","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"3.7","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.286","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.227","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.162","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.93","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.33","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.8.12","lessThanOrEqual":"6.8.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.9.3","lessThanOrEqual":"6.9.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.10","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.286"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.227"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.162"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.93"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.33"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.8.12"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.9.3"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"3.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.10"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eea46baf145150910ba134f75a67106ba2222c1b"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1880a324af1c95940a7c954b6b937e86844a33bd"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ea8ef5e42173560ac510e92a1cc797ffeea8831"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbff5f0bfb2416b8b55c105ddbcd4f885e98fada"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b4881da5b19f65709f5c18c1a4d8caa2e496461"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66df065b3106964e667b37bf8f7e55ec69d0c1f6"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31310e373f4c8c74e029d4326b283e757edabc0b"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e60b613df8b6253def41215402f72986fee3fc8d"}],"title":"ftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"type":"CWE","cweId":"CWE-416","lang":"en","description":"CWE-416 Use After Free"}]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"scope":"UNCHANGED","version":"3.1","baseScore":7.8,"attackVector":"LOCAL","baseSeverity":"HIGH","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","integrityImpact":"HIGH","userInteraction":"NONE","attackComplexity":"LOW","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH"}},{"other":{"type":"ssvc","content":{"timestamp":"2024-10-30T19:17:19.872138Z","id":"CVE-2024-38588","options":[{"Exploitation":"none"},{"Automatable":"no"},{"Technical Impact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}}],"title":"CISA ADP Vulnrichment","providerMetadata":{"orgId":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","shortName":"CISA-ADP","dateUpdated":"2024-10-30T19:18:45.225Z"}},{"title":"CVE Program Container","references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ea8ef5e42173560ac510e92a1cc797ffeea8831","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbff5f0bfb2416b8b55c105ddbcd4f885e98fada","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b4881da5b19f65709f5c18c1a4d8caa2e496461","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66df065b3106964e667b37bf8f7e55ec69d0c1f6","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/31310e373f4c8c74e029d4326b283e757edabc0b","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e60b613df8b6253def41215402f72986fee3fc8d","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00002.html"}],"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108","shortName":"CVE","dateUpdated":"2025-11-03T20:38:10.030Z"}}]}}