{"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","cveMetadata":{"cveId":"CVE-2024-35899","assignerOrgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","state":"PUBLISHED","assignerShortName":"Linux","dateReserved":"2024-05-17T13:50:33.114Z","datePublished":"2024-05-19T08:34:53.267Z","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:30:50.915Z"},"containers":{"cna":{"providerMetadata":{"orgId":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","shortName":"Linux","dateUpdated":"2026-08-05T11:30:50.915Z"},"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: flush pending destroy work before exit_net release\n\nSimilar to 2c9f0293280e (\"netfilter: nf_tables: flush pending destroy\nwork before netlink notifier\") to address a race between exit_net and\nthe destroy workqueue.\n\nThe trace below shows an element to be released via destroy workqueue\nwhile exit_net path (triggered via module removal) has already released\nthe set that is used in such transaction.\n\n[ 1360.547789] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x3f5/0x590 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.547861] Read of size 8 at addr ffff888140500cc0 by task kworker/4:1/152465\n[ 1360.547870] CPU: 4 PID: 152465 Comm: kworker/4:1 Not tainted 6.8.0+ #359\n[ 1360.547882] Workqueue: events nf_tables_trans_destroy_work [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.547984] Call Trace:\n[ 1360.547991]  <TASK>\n[ 1360.547998]  dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70\n[ 1360.548014]  print_report+0xc4/0x610\n[ 1360.548026]  ? __virt_addr_valid+0xba/0x160\n[ 1360.548040]  ? __pfx__raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x10/0x10\n[ 1360.548054]  ? nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x3f5/0x590 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.548176]  kasan_report+0xae/0xe0\n[ 1360.548189]  ? nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x3f5/0x590 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.548312]  nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x3f5/0x590 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.548447]  ? __pfx_nf_tables_trans_destroy_work+0x10/0x10 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.548577]  ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x18/0x30\n[ 1360.548591]  process_one_work+0x2f1/0x670\n[ 1360.548610]  worker_thread+0x4d3/0x760\n[ 1360.548627]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\n[ 1360.548640]  kthread+0x16b/0x1b0\n[ 1360.548653]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[ 1360.548665]  ret_from_fork+0x2f/0x50\n[ 1360.548679]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[ 1360.548690]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n[ 1360.548707]  </TASK>\n\n[ 1360.548719] Allocated by task 192061:\n[ 1360.548726]  kasan_save_stack+0x20/0x40\n[ 1360.548739]  kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n[ 1360.548750]  __kasan_kmalloc+0x8f/0xa0\n[ 1360.548760]  __kmalloc_node+0x1f1/0x450\n[ 1360.548771]  nf_tables_newset+0x10c7/0x1b50 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.548883]  nfnetlink_rcv_batch+0xbc4/0xdc0 [nfnetlink]\n[ 1360.548909]  nfnetlink_rcv+0x1a8/0x1e0 [nfnetlink]\n[ 1360.548927]  netlink_unicast+0x367/0x4f0\n[ 1360.548935]  netlink_sendmsg+0x34b/0x610\n[ 1360.548944]  ____sys_sendmsg+0x4d4/0x510\n[ 1360.548953]  ___sys_sendmsg+0xc9/0x120\n[ 1360.548961]  __sys_sendmsg+0xbe/0x140\n[ 1360.548971]  do_syscall_64+0x55/0x120\n[ 1360.548982]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x55/0x5d\n\n[ 1360.548994] Freed by task 192222:\n[ 1360.548999]  kasan_save_stack+0x20/0x40\n[ 1360.549009]  kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n[ 1360.549019]  kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x60\n[ 1360.549028]  poison_slab_object+0x100/0x180\n[ 1360.549036]  __kasan_slab_free+0x14/0x30\n[ 1360.549042]  kfree+0xb6/0x260\n[ 1360.549049]  __nft_release_table+0x473/0x6a0 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.549131]  nf_tables_exit_net+0x170/0x240 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.549221]  ops_exit_list+0x50/0xa0\n[ 1360.549229]  free_exit_list+0x101/0x140\n[ 1360.549236]  unregister_pernet_operations+0x107/0x160\n[ 1360.549245]  unregister_pernet_subsys+0x1c/0x30\n[ 1360.549254]  nf_tables_module_exit+0x43/0x80 [nf_tables]\n[ 1360.549345]  __do_sys_delete_module+0x253/0x370\n[ 1360.549352]  do_syscall_64+0x55/0x120\n[ 1360.549360]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x55/0x5d\n\n(gdb) list *__nft_release_table+0x473\n0x1e033 is in __nft_release_table (net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c:11354).\n11349           list_for_each_entry_safe(flowtable, nf, &table->flowtables, list) {\n11350                   list_del(&flowtable->list);\n11351                   nft_use_dec(&table->use);\n11352                   nf_tables_flowtable_destroy(flowtable);\n11353           }\n11354           list_for_each_entry_safe(set, ns, &table->sets, list) {\n11355                   list_del(&set->list);\n11356                   nft_use_dec(&table->use);\n11357                   if (set->flags & (NFT_SET_MAP | NFT_SET_OBJECT))\n11358                           nft_map_deactivat\n---truncated---"}],"metrics":[{"cvssV3_1":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":7.3,"baseSeverity":"HIGH"},"scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"AV:L - The attacker-controlled side of the race is driven entirely through NETLINK_NETFILTER `sendmsg()` batches (`nfnetlink_rcv_batch` → `nf_tables_commit`) and the freeing side through the `delete_module()` syscall; no network, adjacent-network, or remote-peer data reaches this code.\nAC:L - The attacker keeps the global destroy workqueue permanently non-empty by looping nftables commit batches, and `nf_tables_trans_destroy_work()` holds each batch across a `synchronize_rcu()` grace period, so the window during which `__nft_release_table()` can free a still-referenced set is wide and hit reliably; no memory-layout or other attacker-uncontrollable precondition is required beyond the teardown event itself, which is accounted for under User Interaction.\nPR:L - Creating the tables, sets and pending element-destroy transactions only requires `CAP_NET_ADMIN` in the netlink socket's user namespace (`netlink_net_capable`), which any unprivileged local user obtains with `unshare -Urn`, and module removal frees tables in *every* live netns including the attacker's own.\nUI:R - The freeing side is only reached via `delete_module()`, which needs `capable(CAP_SYS_MODULE)` in the initial user namespace, so a separate privileged user or administrative automation must unload `nf_tables` for the attacker's primed race to fire.\nS:U - The use-after-free occurs on kernel slab memory and is exploited within the kernel's own security authority; no VM, hypervisor, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - `nft_set_elem_ext()` reads the freed set's `ops` pointer and adds `ops->elemsize` as an offset, so a reallocated slab lets the attacker aim reads at arbitrary kernel addresses and have the resulting `nft_set_ext` contents processed, yielding disclosure well beyond a bounded leak.\nI:H - The destroy path performs indirect calls through pointers read from the freed object (`set->ops->destroy(ctx, set)` in `nft_set_destroy()`, `set->exprs[i]->ops->destroy`) plus writes via `nft_set_put()`'s refcount decrement and `nft_use_dec()` through an OOB-derived pointer, giving both a write primitive and control-flow hijack potential.\nA:H - Even unweaponised, the slab use-after-free in `nf_tables_trans_destroy_work()` dereferences freed memory from a kworker context, producing a kernel oops/panic (KASAN report in the commit message) and taking the machine down."}]}],"affected":[{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"unaffected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"],"versions":[{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"f4e14695fe805eb0f0cb36e0ad6a560b9f985e86","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"46c4481938e2ca62343b16ea83ab28f4c1733d31","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"f7e3c88cc2a977c2b9a8aa52c1ce689e7b394e49","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"4e8447a9a3d367b5065a0b7abe101da6e0037b6e","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"333b5085522cf1898d5a0d92616046b414f631a7","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"d2c9eb19fc3b11caebafde4c30a76a49203d18a6","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"0935d558840099b3679c67bb7468dc78fcbad940","lessThan":"24cea9677025e0de419989ecb692acd4bb34cac2","status":"affected","versionType":"git"}]},{"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","defaultStatus":"affected","repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","programFiles":["net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c"],"versions":[{"version":"4.20","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"4.20","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.4.274","lessThanOrEqual":"5.4.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.10.215","lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"5.15.154","lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.1.85","lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.26","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.8.5","lessThanOrEqual":"6.8.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.9","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"5.4.274"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"5.10.215"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"5.15.154"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"6.1.85"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.26"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"6.8.5"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.20","versionEndExcluding":"6.9"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f4e14695fe805eb0f0cb36e0ad6a560b9f985e86"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46c4481938e2ca62343b16ea83ab28f4c1733d31"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f7e3c88cc2a977c2b9a8aa52c1ce689e7b394e49"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e8447a9a3d367b5065a0b7abe101da6e0037b6e"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/333b5085522cf1898d5a0d92616046b414f631a7"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2c9eb19fc3b11caebafde4c30a76a49203d18a6"},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24cea9677025e0de419989ecb692acd4bb34cac2"}],"title":"netfilter: nf_tables: flush pending destroy work before exit_net release","x_generator":{"engine":"bippy-1.2.0"}},"adp":[{"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"type":"CWE","cweId":"CWE-362","lang":"en","description":"CWE-362 Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race 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